Electromagnetic interference is the disruption of an electrical circuit or system caused by unwanted external or internal electromagnetic energy. This academic concept and research field investigates the generation, propagation, and reception of such unwanted energy, its detrimental effects on electronic device performance and functionality, and the principles and techniques for its measurement, prediction, and mitigation. Key characteristics include the source type (conducted or radiated), frequency spectrum, and coupling path, while its significance lies in ensuring electromagnetic compatibility and the reliable operation of electronic systems in complex environments.